A conversation with a geologist turned master brewer.
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Thursday, 1 January, 2026 / Edition 90

Happy New Year! As you recover from your New Year’s Eve celebration, are you enjoying a morning cup of coffee? This week, we’ll investigate the relationship between geology and that cup of joe. ☕

 

On a personal note, this will be my last GeoLifestyle newsletter – I’m stepping down to focus on launching my third novel, Living Fossil, and writing my fourth. For the past 17 months, I’ve enjoyed sharing my geo-adventures in the newsletter, reconnecting with old friends, and corresponding with new ones. Follow me on Instagram (@fossilwomanauthor) and through my website, sharonlyon.net.

 

The team here at AAPG will be sourcing content from key geology influencers, consultants, and professionals. If you have an idea for an article that you would like to submit to be considered in a future issue, email editorial@aapg.org.

 

Now, on to coffee! 🤎

Sharon-Lyon-Signature-Headshot

 

Sharon Lyon

 

Editor, GeoLifestyle

Geology of Coffee

Coffee_C12aft

C12aft/ Shutterstock.com

More than 400 billion cups of coffee are consumed worldwide each year. What do they have to do with geology?

 

History: Coffee originated in Ethiopia, where it grew wild. It was one of the earliest traded commodities. Around 1000 A.D., Arab traders transported coffee out of Ethiopia (likely into Yemen) and began domesticating the coffee plant.

  • In the 1400s, coffee reached Constantinople, and the first coffee shop opened there in 1475. 

  • Coffee use expanded around the world in the 1500s and 1600s. The Brazilian coffee industry began in 1727 when some Arabica plant cuttings were smuggled into the country.

  • In 1900, Hills Bros. started to pack roasted coffee in vacuum tins. This marked the decline of local roasting shops and coffee mills. 

  • In 1938, Nestle invented a freeze-dried process for coffee as a method for Brazil to preserve their coffee surpluses. The instant coffee known as Nescafé was born.

  • Today, coffee ranks as one of the world’s most widely traded commodities and is the major source of income for several countries.

Dig deeper into the history of coffee here.

 

The plant: The coffee trade is dominated by two of the more than 120 species of coffee plants, Coffea arabica (Arabica coffee) and Coffea canephora (Robusta coffee).

  • Arabica coffee accounts for about 75 percent of the world’s coffee production and brews a sweet and flavorful cup.

  • Robusta accounts for the remaining 25 percent and produces a more bitter cup of coffee with a higher caffeine content. 

Climate: The coffee belt is the equatorial zone between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn. Within this belt, suitable weather conditions and nutrient-rich soils exist, which allow coffee plants to thrive.

  • Nearly 90 countries grow and export coffee from within this belt.

  • Local microclimates also come into play, affecting the quality of coffee.

  • The world’s best coffees are generally grown on mountainous/hilly terrain with well-drained soils.

Volcanism and tectonics: In addition to climate, most of the world’s best coffees are grown in soils of volcanic origin, which ties to plate tectonics!🌋

  • Jamaican Blue Mountain Coffee is cultivated on an island arc situated at the convergent boundary between the North American and Caribbean plates.

  • Kona Coffee favors the volcanic soil from the basaltic lava of the Hawaiian hot spot.

  • Coffees from Kenya, Ethiopia, Rwanda, and Burundi are grown in the soils of the East African Rift System.

  • Central American coffees flourish in volcanic soils associated with the convergent boundaries around the Caribbean and Cocos plates.

  • Colombian and Peruvian coffees are associated with the convergent boundary between the South American and Nazca plates.

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An Interview with Master Roaster, Robert Lyon

RobertLyon_LazyLyonCoffee-1

Drinking Lazy Lyon Coffee in Snowmass, Colorado.

Geologist Robert Lyon (AECOM, retired) is a master coffee roaster and proprietor of Lazy Lyon Coffee. He also happens to be my husband. I asked him to share his coffee story.

 

Q: Why did you decide to start roasting your own coffee beans?

 

A: “I drank a lot of burnt, bitter coffee on oil rigs when I worked for Gulf Oil and Amoco. The coffee in the office was not much better, and after many years, I couldn’t take it anymore. Like most coffee drinkers, I needed my morning cup of coffee to function. After doing some research, I decided to try roasting my own coffee. I bought a small roaster, ordered green coffee beans, and was amazed at the smooth, flavorful cup that resulted. I was hooked and never looked back.”

 

Q: What do you consider the best coffee?

 

A: “This is difficult to answer, as everyone’s tastes are different. Specialty coffee, much like wine and beer, has exploded in popularity over the last two decades. As coffee snobs know, all coffee is not created equal, and good coffee is difficult to find.

 

The best and most flavorful coffee comes from Arabica coffee plants. The best green coffee beans from any country of origin, once roasted to perfection, will be amazing to drink. Personally, over the years, I have gravitated toward Central American coffee. I am a purist, and I drink my coffee black or with milk or cream, but absolutely no artificial flavorings.” 

 

Q: What qualities do you look for when purchasing green coffee beans?

 

A: “Good coffee starts with the unroasted green beans, and I am very picky when I purchase my beans. I read the flavor profiles described by the importers, and purchase beans that will result in a smooth and sweet cup with good body and chocolate to dark chocolate tones.” 

 

Q: Is there an art and science to roasting?

 

A: “Yes to both. The science is fairly well known. The roasting process drives off the water and caramelizes the sugars in the bean. The art of roasting is to listen to, smell, and watch the beans as they roast, stopping the process at the optimum time and temperature to enhance the natural flavors. All beans are different, and roasting is a very hands-on process.”

 

Q: Why is coffee especially important to geologists?

 

A: “As we all know, coffee contains caffeine, which is a stimulant that perks us up. Most geologists, in my experience, require a large cup of joe (or several) every morning, and especially the morning after a long day in the field. It helps get the neurons firing so we can solve the puzzles hidden within the earth.” 

 

Go deeper: AAPG Women’s Network has done a couple of events around the geology of coffee. You can watch one on YouTube here.

 

A New Year’s toast: Warm coffee, warm wishes, and a happy and successful 2026 to all of you! 🎉

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✉️ To get in touch with Sharon, send an email to editorial@aapg.org.

AAPG thanks our advertisers for their support. Sponsorship has no influence on editorial content. If you're interested in supporting AAPG digital products, reach out to Melissa Roberts.

 

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